According to Napoleonic legend, the future emperor of France emerged from Egypt’s Great Pyramid pale and shaken, having spent hours alone in the King’s Chamber. He never revealed what had rattled him, but supposedly the episode changed his life. Whether or not the story is true, it certainly attests to the power of the Great Pyramid to rouse a great leader’s imagination.
The Pyramids of Giza, like the Egyptian pyramids that came before and after them, were royal tombs, a final resting place for their pharaohs, or kings. They were often part of an extensive funerary complex that included queens’ burial sites and mortuary temples for daily offerings. The pharaoh’s final resting place was usually within a subterranean burial chamber underneath the pyramid. Although the Great Pyramid has subterranean chambers, they were never completed, and Khufu’s sarcophagus rests in the King’s Chamber, where Napoleon is said to have sojourned, deep inside the Great Pyramid.
Like its neighbors, the Great Pyramid has very little open space inside its hulking mass. Napoleon would have reached the King’s Chamber through a very tight ascending passageway, past the Queen’s Chamber (a misnomer), and then through a taller corbelled passageway called the Grand Gallery. Once inside the King’s Chamber, Napoleon would have seen that it was small and lined, like other kings’ chambers, with thick granite blocks. The space would have been very austere, as Egyptians only began decorating burial chambers with hieroglyphic texts in later pyramids. Moreover, by the time of Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign at the end of the 18th century, the pyramids would have long been plundered. He would not have found any rumored treasures in the chamber, only the enormous granite sarcophagus, once containing the king’s mummy, set firmly in the floor.
With not much to see inside the Great Pyramid, or either of the other pyramids near Giza, we can only imagine what could have disconcerted the proud Napoleon—just as we can only imagine the pyramids’ other mysteries: the royal treasures they once might have hidden, the brilliant sight they must have been when first completed, and the disciplined effort it took to construct them.
And then Add to Home Screen.